The 'mother tongue' does not have to be the language spoken by the mother. Why Is Mother Tongue Education Important? Here are six countries that have reported success after making the switch to mother tongue education: Nepal. It is therefore the medium of communication that a person is most familiar with. All the evidence backs up her initial claim and as the reader your perspective changes after reading about how she personally was effected. MTB-MLE programs ensure that students achieve educational competencies or standards established by education officials for each grade when the teachers use the mother tongue only for teaching in the early year of grade school, as students are learning basic communication skills in English and the teachers use the mother tongue with English for teaching in later grades, as students gain fluency and confidence in using the school language for learning academic concepts. } MTB Education benefits society. Another finding shows that, mother tongue hinder effective communication among students in class. !0===b(a).isRun()?c():[a]:c()}return[]}function e(a,b,c){function d(a){a=a.childNodes;for(var b=0;bWhat Are Some Disadvantages Of The Mother Tongue? - EduCheer! [] Learning to speak in the mother tongue is very necessary for a child's comprehensive development. Amy says, "The talk was going along well enough, until I remembered one major difference that made the whole talk sound wrong. Synthesis Report: Language Education and Social Cohesion (LESC) Initiative in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. UNICEF, 2016, www.unicef.org/Synthesis_Report_Language_Education_andSocial_Cohesion_Initiative.pdf. Also, it is a matter of pride to know ones mother tongue thoroughly. It is the dominant language which in fact defines a person's thoughts. But there are benefits of local language teaching and learning material production and there are ways to reduce costs. To exclude MT links would deprive us of the richest source for building cross-linguistic networks. "A memo on national policy was approved by the council. Education Notes: In Their Own Language Education for All. The World Bank, June 2005, openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/10331/389060Language00of1Instruct01PUBLIC1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. It refers to the standard version of that language, transcribed in most cases by 19th century. Being bilingual makes you stand out of the crowd and lead the way. In todays interconnected world if a person is well versed in the mother language, it becomes easier to communicate and interact with the world at large and develop wonderful ideas that can lead the world from
g}}}function r(a,b){null===s?d(3):A(a,b,24.1)&&(0Use of mother tongue in foundational education, now and earlier PhD Student School of Languages and Literatures, University of Cape Town. It refers to the standard version of that language, transcribed in most cases by 19th century European missionaries based on how they understood and conceptualised the way people spoke in the immediate vicinity of the rural mission station. Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! P Sree Nair of division For Child Studies, Centre for Economic and Social
Childrens comprehension
}, function (err) { The importance of mother tongue in education - brainfeedmagazine Without this barrier there is a greater opportunity to introduce quality contributions to society as a whole. The impact of this is most on kids from poor
From the literature review, it was established that there were several factors affecting language learning and acquisition. Education in a multilingual world: UNESCO education position paper. Since the childs own language enables her/ him to express him/herself easily, then, there is no fear of making mistakes. According to the minister, the decision is only in principle for now because it will require a lot of work to implement it. Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { When it comes to learning a second language, the younger you start the easier you will begin to learn your second language. In case, he is just aware of one language, he may face problems of hesitation in expressing himself. FG: Henceforth, mother tongue will be used for teaching in primary schools target: 'PULSE_NG/NEWS/LOCAL', Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! The mother tongue is the language a person is first introduced to as a child. Just as we build upon our abilities to vocalize, to read and to write, all of which have been developed via our mother tongue, so too we are unable to switch off our knowledge of the world, again acquired through the mother tongue. Explained: What Is Mother Tongue Survey And Its Importance In My The medium of instruction in the above-mentioned schools is English. Mother tongue in education: how to go about it? As of 2017, Guatemalas savings were estimated to be over $5.6 million per year because the country made use of a MTB approach. The language facilitates a comprehension of the surrounding, learning of concepts and attaining of various skills. English or for that matter any other medium of teaching will take care of itself
Mother tongue, the home language of a nation (e.g., Greek in Greece), reflects its culture and identity. The best known and most understood language is not only spoken, but also written. It is meant to address the high functional illiteracy of Filipinos where language plays a significant factor. Nepal is home to more than 123 languages, yet Nepali is the main language used in schools. This familiarity can be used for providing education, though this is not what happens. The Importance of the Mother Tongue in Education In the simplest way, while mother tongue is defined as the language learned first, the mother tongue based education is defined as the learning program which is delivered entirely in children's first language (Ball, J. "function"===typeof document.currentScript.getAttribute?document.currentScript:null}var G=function(){return"function"===typeof Array.isArray?function(a){return Array.isArray(a)}:function(a){return"[object Array]"===Object.prototype.toString.call(a)}}(),y=function(){function a(a,b){var c=a.split("/");2>c.length?d(5,a):(c.pop(),b(c.join("/")))}function b(a,b){var c=a.split("/"),n=b.split("/");if(0MOTHER TONGUE - BASED MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION - 2410 Words | Bartleby One Tongue, Brotherhood and Equality Language plays a vital role in shaping and constructing any society, community and also country. Teaching in the mother tongue - The Mail & Guardian Amy Tans intended audience for her literary narrative was leaning more towards immigrants, specializing in Asians and Asian Americans. If you say inye (Xhosa for 1), they can say one, because that is the language at home. As Mother tongue provides children a base that makes it easier for kids to learn other languages later as well. It is about preserving one's ethnic identity and culture. P.Nair argues learning levels of students can suffer at lower levels of schooling if they have English as the medium of instruction. e){for(;0. It actually is the language in which a child is spoken to before he begins to understand words. Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own. These are children whose mother tongue is Xhosa. Local and international studies show that the use of the learners mother tongue or the language used at home is the most effective medium of learning. .then(function (registration) { if (typeof dlApi === 'undefined') { Proponents of mother tongue education tend to argue that children should be taught in the language they first learned and spoke at home. It will also solve the long quest of the parents trying to find schools for their children where teaching is done in their mother tongue. When children develop their mother tongue, they are simultaneously fostering a whole host of other essential skills, such as critical thinking and literacy skills. This is normally the language that the child speaks at home with their family. As Clarke (2009) puts it: A strong first language supports the development of a positive self-concept, helps to strengthen the existing relationships within the family and provides the opportunity to continue cognitive development while learning other languages as a second language. (b=!0,m=e,setTimeout(function(){y.requireModulesWithModuleBase(a,e,function(){var b=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0);try{h=q.apply(null,b)}catch(e){d(14,a+" -> "+e);return}l.exec([h])})},0)):d(15,a)},getDeps:function(){return!0===b?m:[]},get:function(a){l.add(a)},closeDefine:function(){g=!0;!1===b&&(b=!0,l.exec([void 0]))}}}function K(a){function b(b,e,g){if(0It's time to rethink what's meant by "mother tongue" education German Language, Online French Language, Online Hindi Language, www.ziyyara.com is an online tuition & language website teaching students & professionals online. f)k.push(f);else{d(8,a+" -> "+e[p]);return}}g(k,c)}):d(9,f)},requireModules:g,requireOne:m,define:function(a,b){var c=D();if(!0!==l)null===c?w(49,""):w(49,D().getAttribute("src"));else{if(null!==c&&(c=c.getAttribute("src"),c in e)){e[c].setDefine(a,b);return}c=s.getActialLoading();u(c)?c in e?e[c].setDefine(a,b):d(46,c):q.push({deps:a,define:b})}}}}(),s=null,z=[],I=(new Date).getTime();t(window,"require",r,!1,27);t(window,"define",F,!1,28);t(r,"runnerBox",function(a){function b(a){x in a||(a[x]=m()); WHAT IS MOTHER-TONGUE BASE MULTI LINGUAL EDUCATION OR MLE Multi lingual education typically refers to "first- language-first "education, that is schooling which begins in the mother tongue and transition to additional languages. It makes the kids familiar with their mother tongue and when taught by natives, they learn the correct pronunciations and have a better command over both the language and the subject. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. She also believes that there are many different types of Englishes. A report by UNICEF found that MTB increases literacy and overall success in education, including the ability to pursue higher education more freely, and it improves labour market access and ultimately produces greater economic productivity and competitiveness. Moreover, governments with a greater focus on local languages see improved social progress, mobility, and capital. It is easier for children to read, write, and transfer words from their first language to their second language if they have a solid foundation in their mother tongue. Versatile and flexible African listeners and speakers communicating efficiently without necessarily agreeing on one distinct, correct way of speaking did not fit this 19th century European frame of reference. MTB-MLE aims to produce learners who are: In Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education, students are taught over a period of time in their native language and English is treated as a second language, taught side by side and only when the student is believed to have attained proficiency in native language, so that he can master English easily. Importance of mother tongue language in education in subjects like English and Arabic. Studies and UNICEF, has researched on the Effects of medium of instruction on learning levels. This was the study on kids attending Telegu medium schools and the data was gathered in Andhra Pradesh. The author 's main claim of Mother Tongue is to persuade people so respect people who struggle with English because she has serval personal connections, she has fact based proof, and she is an experienced writer on this topic and in general. A. Unsuccessful Attempt at Integration into Society. Students of Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicities will study their own MTLs. It starts from where the learners are . Although it has some disadvantage in our money, it will ensure us that our children, future children and relatives will understand and learn very well the lesson being taught in school. Younger brains learn much easier than older brains because the brain is designed for language learning to take place between birth and adolescence (the period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult). !1:u(a.getAttribute("data-run-module"));return l? Understanding of the Importance of Mother Tongue Learning The parents being familiar with their native language finds it easier to get engaged with the education of their ward. 2011). As a person's first language learned, it is their reference in terms of communication . Also called a first language, dominant language, home language, and native tongue (although these terms are not necessarily synonymous). You can use it as an example when writing A study done in fourteen African countries found that an early-exit model of moving from first language to second language instruction did not succeed, and that students needed a complete grasp on their first language before they could move on to a second one. Despite that, the implementation of mother tongue as a language of instruction still garnered some negative views. This poses a great problem for teachers, who, in addition to being well versed in two languages, have to exhibit a certain level of comfort in handling different levels of education, simultaneously. f&&(c.readyState="interactive");c.onreadystatechange=function(){"loaded"!==c.readyState&&"complete"!==c.readyState||d()};return c}var h={};return{load:function(b,a){if(u(b)){if(! "Mother Tongue" by Amy Tan Analysis Example | Happyessays } FG approves use of mother tongue for primary education Advocating mother tongue education implies recognising the centrality of linguistic and cultural diversity in quality and accessible education planning and delivery. Although initial costs of MTB programs, particularly the procurement of teaching and learning materials, may be high, the financial savings from such programs far outweigh the initial investments by significant reductions in repetition and dropout rates, and the benefits to students with respect to literacy rates, self-confidence, and cultural pride, are lifelong. Residents there mainly speak Xhosa. It is the easiest way for children to access the unfamiliar world of school learning. cookie policy. Over the years, the dropout rate in various schools across North America has reduced significantly. But in a country steeped in colonialism and apartheid, its not far-fetched to suspect that the common understanding of the idea of mother tongues is coloured by outside influences. Steps Towards Learning: A Guide to Overcoming Language Barriers in Children's Education. Save the Children UK, Save the Children, 2009, www.savethechildren.org.uk/content/dam/global/reports/steps-towards-learning-lr.pdf. The language used by her is the mother tongue. Additionally, it can refer to the mother tongue as a subject of instruction. Their Western concept of language forced them to be selective, to choose some ways of speaking for standardisation and writing purposes and to ignore others. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need Importance of Mother Tongue Learning - Gajera Vidyabhvan Ut Technically and simply speaking, multilingual education is any educational system that favors education in more than one language. This is about English as a language and how easily the author switches from a version that is eloquent to a version that many would considered to be broken. familiar language and then gradually add a second language. This is usually the language that children speak at home with their family. 2016. Slowly, the potential of such concepts for South African education is starting to enter debates outside academia. When she spoke to mother it was informal, Not waste money that way (Tan 634). Ball, Jessica. of any human being. But while MTB education may not appear to be budget friendly on the surface, research has shown it can be less costly in the long run. MOTHER TONGUE BASED- MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION MLE refers to "first-language-first" education, that is schooling which begins in the mother tongue and transitions to additional languages. So, what the mother tongue based. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/mother-tongue-based-multilingual-education/, The Importance of Mother Tongue-Based Schooling for Educational Quality. How it works. (b=f,c.exec()):d(42)},isRun:function(){return a}}}function h(a,b){function c(a){setTimeout(function(){b(a)},0)}for(var d=[],f=0;f Language is one of the valuable gifts which have been passed to children. The author is very fascinated by the language and she believes that the language has the power of emotions, a visual image, a complex idea, and a simple truth. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are (Pandey). In such places we find English as their medium of education. She tells of difficulties faced by both her mother and herself from these many differences. For example, Papua New Guinea developed a shell book format which is a basic book format that leaves space for text to be filled in later. "string"===typeof a&&"function"===typeof b?(u(a)?w("25.3",a):w("25.3"),y.define([],b)):A(a,b,"25.2")&&y.define(a,b):3===arguments.length? K to 12 Mother Tongue Curriculum Guide - Education in Philippines Copyright 2022 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.For reprint rights. Enhancing Learning of Children From Diverse Language Backgrounds: Mother Tongue-Based Bilingual or Multilingual Education in the Early Years. UNESDOC Digital Library, 2011, unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000212270. Learning to speak in the mother tongue is very necessary for a child's comprehensive development. There are regions where they are confined to higher income groups, while there are places that were colonies of English and which never
A. Most of these students are primarily entering kindergarten and first three years of grade school. Their statements echo findings I made while researching first my Masters and then my PhD. Bender, Penelope, et al. version 2.7 So, Nigeria now has a National Language Policy and the details will be given later by the ministry. She talks about how many people have judged her moms English skills and how she has even been ostracized because of it, but how it inspired the authors writing style. This is crucial, especially in primary school to avoid knowledge gaps and increase the speed of learning and comprehension. She does not let anything get in the way of her ambition. At the start of classes, many will have a hard time in coping up with the lessons since theyre having a difficulty in understanding what the teachers are saying. background as they rarely get any support from the family in learning English or get help in clearing basic concepts of different subjects taught in English. Read also: With 20m out-of-school children, Nigeria preparing for more B/Haram - Obj "But while getting instructions in their mother tongue, they will be taught other Nigerian languages of their choice and they will be taught international languages at certain stages: English, French . Mother Tongue refers to first-language-first education that is, schooling which begins in the mother tongue and transitions to additional languages particularly Filipino and English. Research Questions He noted that the pupils learn much better when instructions are in their own mother tongue at that level. ''Mother Tongue'' was first published as ''Under Western Eyes'' in The Threepenny Review in 1990. Usually when a child struggles with a particular subject, they are taken out of the main classroom and brought somewhere for a remedial class. In fact, Tan deliberates about the limitations and criticism of growing up with her mother. no_gemius: 1, It also shows that, Mother tongue influence students' academic performance. Welcome to the Pulse Community! The new NCF, which deals with pre-school and classes I-II, emphasises the virtues of the mother tongue as the primary medium of instruction. adsNoBanner: 1, MLE is the use of more than two languages for literacy and instruction. Because we have 625 languages at the last count and the objective of this policy is to promote, and enhance the cultivation and use of all Nigerian languages, he added. Why and How Africa Should Invest in African Languages and Multilingual Education. UNESCO, 2010, files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED540509.pdf. quite escaped the languages grip. The story of "Mother Tongue" is reflected on the deluding agreement of the language that can represent one's education level. c.length&&b(c,function(){});b.runnerBox.runElement(document)},0)}a({paths:d});l(window,"load",function(){v(48,"window.load");g();setTimeout(function(){v(48,"window.load -> 10s");g()},1E4)});"complete"===document.readyState&&(v(48,"isComplete"),g());"loaded"===document.readyState&&(v(48,"isLoaded"),k());l(document,"DOMContentLoaded",function(){v(48,"DOMContentLoaded");k();l(document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0],"pageshow",function(){v(48,"body pageshow");g()})});l(document,"readystatechange",function(){var a= Strong and well-planned MT-Based MLE programs help students to build a string educational foundation when they enable and encourage students to develop oral fluency in their first language, introduce reading and writing in their first language, help students to become fluent and confident in first language literacy, and lastly, build their capacity to use their mother tongue for everyday communication and for learning in school. . "===b[0])!0=== Children's rights. degree, obtain good jobs and will join the glittering world of global professionals. Fifty-four percent of students speak . kropka: { A language plays an essential part in the life of a human being. This is important to analyse because at the time when children develop their mother tongue, a simultaneous
When Tan gave speeches out in public, it became apparent that it was formal, The intersection of memory upon imagination (Tan 633). FEC okays compulsory mother tongue for teaching in primary schools window.addEventListener('load', function () { "One of the highlights is . In spite of all, the truth of her mother holds better in English than her speaking ability and can easily reading in high-levels. 10. For example, Inuit students who received instruction in their first language (Inuktitut) had higher levels of self-esteem compared to Inuit students who were only educated in their second language (English or French). "Broken English" refers to a poorly spoken or ill-written version of the English language. Copyright 2022 IPL.org All rights reserved. The mother tongue opens thedoor, including its own grammar, to all grammars, in which it awakens the potential for universal grammar that lies within all of us. Being fluent in the mother tongue, which is also known as the native language, benefits the child in numerous ways. They find it easy to communicate with the teachers teaching their kids. This ensures that children get to learn both their mother
Mother tongue instruction | Unesco IIEP Learning Portal The power of mother tongue and multilingual education The foreign language learner must build upon existing skills and knowledge acquired in and through the mother tongue. In a world where globalization is taking place a rapid rate, everybody is opting to learn English better. . They enjoy school more and feel at home being surrounded by pupil and teachers speaking a familiar language. This story portrays very well aimed toward people who have to take care of their . Importance of mother tongue in education - Independent Education Today Multilingual education was deemed necessary since it was supposed to help integrate the children of immigrants and minorities into society. Despite calls for mother tongue education to be implemented in schools, the reasons for poor learner performance is not reflected in the absence of mother tongue education. Importance of mother tongue as the medium of education & New Education Ouane, Adama, and Christine Glanz. Not surprisingly, this affects and shapes mother tongue education in teacher education in the universities and as school subject. Mother tongue education Definition | Law Insider (n.isInit=!0,n.value=b,c()):d(11,a)}))});c()}function m(a,b){l=!0;var c=s.resolvePath(a,"js",!0);c in e||(e[c]=J(a),s.load(c,function(){if(c in She describes her English when giving a speech to a otherpeople, English she uses when speaking to her mother, and English she uses in her writing. ERIC - EJ954606 - Sustaining Mother Tongue Medium Education: An Inter Parents, family members and early childhood professionals have very important role on the development and maintenance of the . We need to associate the new with the old. However, children learning a second language in the early teens It can learn faster and learn the lesson faster also. This literacy can actually get transferred easily to other languages that are learned later. Mother Tongue by Amy Tan: Summary & Analysis - Study.com Cultural diversity around the globe and transmigrations resulting in multicultural nations make it continually . This paper paints a picture of what is happening in Botswana with regard to mother. Global education monitoring report: policy paper 24. Clear, implementable curricula for reading. The key components of the program using multilingual education are the following: Teaching foundational reading skills in the mother tongue and oral language skills in the second language. Additionally, it can refer to the mother tongue as a subject of instruction. "":(a+"").replace(c,"")}var c=a.getAttribute("data-static-amd-map");if("string"===typeof c){if(""===c)return{}}else return null;if("undefined"!==typeof JSON&&"function"===typeof JSON.parse)return JSON.parse(c);a=/(,)|(\[|{)|(}|])|"(?:[^"\\\r\n]|\\["\\\/bfnrt]|\\u[\da-fA-F]{4})*"\s*:?|true|false|null|-?(?!0\d)\d+(?:\.\d+|)(? At Ziyyara, initiatives are being taken to impart online education in different languages by the natives themselves. Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our But what they were transcribing were actually regional dialects, not pure versions of pristine languages tied to an authentic and timeless cultural identity. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing This actually leads to higher self esteem in the students. We should independently find the truth rather than be dependent on others. Diversity and Inclusion More Clear. The remedy of mother-tongue education would not only prove beneficial to students' academic success, but would also have implications for progress outside the classroom. Not every country around the world has the same language,. One article called "Mother Tongue" by Amy Tan discusses the effects of growing up with a Chinese mother who has "Broken English". Mother tongue-based Multilingual Education | UNESCO Bangkok The Role of Mother Tongue Education in Multilingual Cameroon Parents participate actively in their children's learning. Parents, family members and early childhood professionals have very important role on the development and maintenance of the first language. We are from Bacolod and learning numbers in Hiligaynon had resistance even from parents and teachers. return a[x]}function g(){function a(){if(!0===b)for(;0The Importance Of Mother Tongue In Education | ipl.org So I often ask my Xhosa speaking students about their preferred way of saying something in their mother tongue. Mother Tongue Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) - SlideShare A dizzying variety Their level of competence in the second language has relationship to the level of competence they have achieved in their first language. Teaching a second language in childhood, when knowledge is already absorbed. Feasibility Study: A Global Book Fund. Ideas like translanguaging are increasingly helping scholars to rethink their assumptions about language. Being fluent in the mother tongue, which is also known as the native language, benefits the. B. Get our Top Stories delivered to your inbox, FG approves use of mother tongue for primary education, Underage voting: We will sustain clean-up of INEC register Chairman, Yobe Gov, Buni bags Niger Republics National Honour Award, Oil derivation: 9 oil producing states receive N625.43bn Presidency. assignments. Aside from their mother tongues or first languages, the children are taught English and Filipino as subjects focusing on oral fluency, starting in the first grade. mobile: 'false', Moreover, through the age of 7 or 8, children are able to learn to speak a second language with fluent grammar and without an accent. /* Therefore, when a student starts learning a new language, they tend to practice it as much as possible and start talking to everyone they know in the new language. No, I dont think so. So, Nigeria now has a National Language Policy and the details will be given later by the ministry. development of a host of other essential skills such as critical thinking and literacy skills takes place in them. The findings show that mother tongue interference has impact on the writing and spoken of English language among secondary school students. The significant role of mother tongue in education reading answers if(0===c.indexOf(a))return c;d(6,a+" , "+b+" -> "+c)}else return b;else d(7,b)}function g(a,b){function c(){if(!1===n){for(var c=[],E=0;ELearning a Mother Tongue Language in primary school | MOE - Base The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child states that a child shall not be denied the . Various surveys have revealed that kids learn faster and better in the language they have been speaking in their homes. The new National Education Policy (NEP), which was introduced in 2020, marked a departure from the past, as it made a clear case for mother tongue. One of the changes in the basic curriculum of education brought about by the new K + 12 program is the introduction of Mother Tongue based Multilingual Education. But it does not mean if passed, then a teenager. }); Children who have the chance to maintain their first language can extend their cognitive development, while learning English [this also can be correct with other languages including Turkish] as a second language. Why mother language-based education is essential | UNESCO Mother tongue is defined as the first language a child is exposed to from the time of birth. According to UNESCO's study on MTB education programs, children not only improve their literacy skills, but they also build greater self-confidence and cultural pride. The system of multilingual education demanded separate teachers and classrooms and believed in gradual integration into society by allowing children to receive education in their native language for a period of three or more years. in time. When it is time to incorporate the second language, children who learn through MTB programs build on existing language skills to understand what they are reading, which, in turn, improves literacy rates. - I read in some articles that there are some states in the US are making considerable efforts to help immigrant student families who do not speak English by translate the basic information that the family has to know it. In Cambridge Advaced Learners Dictionary slip. It starts from where the learners are, and from what they already know. It makes students remain connected to their culture roots. Need urgent help with your paper? At the school three years of mother-tongue education precede the switch to English as medium of instruction in grade 4, when most children are around 9 or 10 years old. Photo Credit: Luzs daycare centre, Bogota, Colombia, 2006, Photographer: Alejandra Vega Jaramillo UNESCO. According to the policy formulators, in the nearest future mother tongue will become a compulsory medium of instruction from Primary 1 to 6. This is reflected in other statements such as: Even we Xhosas dont know how to speak Xhosa properly, variations of which I frequently hear from students and also from my Xhosa speaking friends. } Disadvantages Of Mother Tongue In Schools | ipl.org !0:!1}}}function B(a,b){for(var d=0;d
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