B. Doerr and C. Doerr, Optimal static and self-adjusting parameter choices for the ( 1 + ( , ) ) genetic algorithm, Algorithmica, vol. Hasan, R. (1995) The conception of context in text. Theories. 15 No. Berkley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. This greatly shortens the time we calculate so that we can compute more data within the same time. (1966) Towards a General Comparative Linguistics. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell. J.-F. Danel and L. Kazandjian, A simple scaling law for the equation of state and the radial distribution functions calculated by density-functional theory molecular dynamics, Physics of Plasmas, vol. Neubert, A. 10, pp. Question What is functional equivalence in Bible translation? Please try again. The objective function is based on the analysis of the decision variables mentioned above. 553559, 2019. The individual representations of our calculations are determined [24]. The Concept of Translation Equivalence: A Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspective. (2008). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203327579 The genetic mutation process of genetic operators is also very simple, only by crossover, selection, and mutation three ways [19]. Continuing Discourse on Language: A Functional Perspective (Vol. 380388, 2018. This shows that the calculated time does not increase significantly because of the increased number of calculated items. His Ph.D. dissertation, A Synopsis of English Syntax, was the first full-scale analysis of a major language according to the "immediate-constituent" theory. 244pp. 1, pp 9-27. Moreover, they propose seven procedures, the first three covered by direct translation and the remaining four by oblique translation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004495746. Proceedings of the Maastricht Session of the 4th International Duo Colloquium on "Translation and Meaning", Maastricht, The Netherlands, 18-21 May 2005, International journal for the semiotics of law. Functional Equivalence: A Case Study in the Translation Process of Enhancements. In R. W. Brislin (ed.) We specify that the calculation accuracy of more than 95% is called to be qualified. In contrast with formal equivalence translation . Another notion of equivalence is 'functional equivalence', which arose in the 1970s and 1980s (Baker, 2004). 5, pp. 154, pp. B. Remmel, Effective categoricity of automatic equivalence and nested equivalence structures, Theory of Computing Systems, vol. In E. Steiner and C. Yallop (eds.) Ha Noi: Da Nang. The letter-of-the-law/spirit-of-the law dichotomy has long played an important role in the interpretation and application of legal rules and principles, both within the national legal system and beyond. 5, no. The most popular modern Bible translation that represented a conservative example of dynamic or functional equivalence is the 1978 New International Version (NIV), which subsequently became one of the best-selling English Bible translations (second only to the KJV) for decades up to the present. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Halliday, M. A. K. (1993) The act of meaning. But the main computational process is the same, and we mainly analyse the common computational steps in our calculations. 2011. Launceston: University of Tasmania. 20, no. Chromosomes are the carriers of our computational process, and the various computational analyses of genetic information in our calculations are based on chromosomes [27]. A. Stevanovic, P. T. Martin, and J. Stevanovic, VisSim-based genetic algorithm optimization of signal timings, Transportation Research Record, vol. By using the theory of functional equivalence and the mutual application of genetic algorithms, this can help us to carry out empirical research on business English letter vocabulary and translation [5]. Foreign Studies School of Xuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouJiangsu 221000China. Genetic algorithm has been widely referenced in various fields in the world by virtue of its powerful ability of optimal solution calculation. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! The study of the genetic model helps us to deal with some optimal values and the calculation of the optimal solution. 19 (1). The adaptability ratio method (fitness proportional model), also known as the betting wheel method, determines the selected probability of the individual according to the proportion of the whole population fitness [35]. Translation as Text. Then, we began to design the experimental process, the test process. Though France and England are separated by only a narrow stretch of water and share a Judeo-Christian historical background, the task of providing an accurate translation from French to English is complicated by the fact that the two countries belong to different legal families. More than 20 years of computational learning has made our domestic research at the forefront of the world. This greatly shortens the time we calculate so that we can compute more data within the same time. [5] Feng Tao (2018). Fries, P. H. (1981) On the status of theme in English: Arguments from discourse. Halliday, M. A. K. and Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014) Hallidays Introduction to Functional Grammar, 4th edition. P. Olen, A forgotten strand of reception history: understanding pure semantics, Synthese, vol. (2001) How do we know when a translation is good? Please try again. 2739, 2020. Finland: Loimaan Kirjapaino Oy. (1976). View. London and New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524605.010. (1975) A framework for the analysis and evaluation of theories of translation. 80, no. Catford, J. C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation. A clear calculation process and a calculated target will make our results more accurate. Koller, W. (1979) Einfuhrung in die Ubersetzungsuisenschaft (Research into the Science of Translation). Halliday, M. A. K., McIntosh, A., and Strevens, P. (1964) The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching. On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. The Hague: Mouton. This part is the basis of our calculation, and the analysis of the problem of a genetic algorithm is a sort of our calculation purpose [23]. Poetry, a necessary genre in the field of literature, has been regarded as the very essence of art. London: Edward Arnold. . For the traditional genetic algorithm of the calculation process, it is shown in the form of Figure 2. London: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/002967ar, Grice, H. P. (1975) Logic and conversation. 58, no. But we have difficulty in English translation, especially the vocabulary and translation of business English letters, not only because we have different living habits but also because we have different ways of speaking. A literal translation is practically useless when the meaning behind the words is not upheld. The study of this English translation model will further improve the progress and promotion of existing translation technology. (1998). SEAMEO: Regional Language Centre. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Use of this Web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions. 10, pp. In addition, English as the universal language internationally, its importance is self-evident. Steiner, E. (2005) Halliday and translation theory enhancing the options, broadening the range, and keeping the ground. Functional-equivalence translation is receptor-oriented and pays great attention to target receptors response. Readings in Translation Theories 10515. London: Routledge. Newmark, P. (1988a) Approaches to Translation. Target, International Journal of Translation Studies, 10(2): 291318. Also known as literal or word-for-word translation, strives to maintain the original form of the source language text as closely as possible. H. J. Jensen, A graph-based genetic algorithm and generative model/Monte Carlo tree search for the exploration of chemical space, Chemical Science, vol. In McIntosh, A. and M. A. K. Halliday, Patterns of Language: Papers in General, Descriptive and Applied Linguistics 141. (2007) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. 1) 481500. The advantages of our optimization are shown in Table 1. Word, 17(3): 24192. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. To demonstrate the appliability (Halliday, 2017: 34) and relevance of SFL to TE studies and translation practice, a mini-case study is conducted in which, using the current SFL model as the theoretical framework, the paper analyzes, compares, and establishes equivalent as well as non-equivalent points between a source language text passage from The Old Man and the Sea by the American Nobel Laureate in literature, Ernest Hemmingway, and its Vietnamese translated version from ng gi v bien ca by Huy Phuong. Victoria: Deakin University. Translating Text: Translation Studies and Systemic Functional Linguistics. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Moritz Diesterweg. The role of decision variables is a criterion of judgment. Key terms: functional equivalent, near-equivalence, partial equivalence, non-equivalence. TERESTYNY, Enik. Hasan, R. and Perrett, J. But before we study the genetic algorithms used in this paper, traditional genetic algorithms need to be studied and analysed. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1961.11659756 The author therefore investigates the distinguishable fingerprints of the Luhya translators of Mulembe FM radio newscasts through scrutinizing the data uncovered by corpus tools, taking into consideration each translators individual strategies alongside any detectable motivations pertaining to their linguistic knowledge and the functional relevance and applicability of the translated versions to the target language audience. C. Contaldi, F. Vafaee, and P. C. Nelson, Bayesian network hybrid learning using an elite-guided genetic algorithm, Artificial Intelligence Review, vol. In translating a verse, dynamic equivalent translation is less concerned with providing an exact English word for each word of the original text as it . Firth, J. R. (1957) Papers in Linguistics 19341951. In addition, the minimum fitness of 0 to 80 computational individuals has also been tested. Answer Functional equivalence, or dynamic equivalence, is one approach to Bible translation. Discourse in Society: Systemic Functional Perspectives. Koller, W. (1989) Equivalence in translation theory. The calculation result is unique, but the increase of the calculated item results in the decrease of the fitness average. The proceedings and journals on our platform are Open Access and generate millions of downloads every month. . (1994) Learning to function with the other tongue. 10, no. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/z.38, Steiner, E. (1998) A register-based translation evaluation. Nida has been a pioneer in the fields of translation theory and linguistics. The relationship between language and the law is so intimate that it is not far-fetched to say that law is essentially language. This study uses luxury brand ad copy as a corpus based on the functional equivalence theory of translation and adopts a case analysis method, and this can be found by analyzing target consumer . Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2001) The environments of translation. In this paper, we also find a point in the calculation process, that is, we optimize the genetic algorithm after the calculation time is only one-third of the traditional algorithm. House, J. It then illustrates how deal with categories of Target Language non-equivalence in English-Luhya translation. 14, pp. Great Britain: Bloomsbury. In the computational research above, the computational procedure of the genetic algorithm and the calculation formula and the computer model are completed. Variation of the population mean value as the number of iterations increases. The traditional genetic algorithm mainly uses the genetic operator to compute the problem of our computation and can simplify the process of many very complicated computational problems. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Responding to a desire to broaden the nature of specialised translation offered, and to requests from applicants to the MA course in Interpreting and Translation, it was decided to initiate a study on the teaching of legal translation to the two groups mentioned above and to monitor students progress. Then, we build the mathematical model and compute the computer model according to the mathematical formula we calculate and optimize. (2014) Understanding Verbal Art: A Functional Linguistic Approach. KENNY, Dorothy. Your file of search results citations is now ready. Press. K. Indrek and F. Mike, Omics approaches for subcellular translation studies, Molecular Omics, vol. The study of a genetic algorithm has increased the depth of our research and reduced the work pressure of our English translation work [10]. This can help us communicate better with each other and learn from the advanced Western experience in China. 52, pp. Nida, E. A. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. London: Longmans. VNU University of Languages and International Studies, Translation Equivalence (TE), Formal and Non-SFL Perspectives on TE, Systemic Functional Linguistic Perspective on TE, Source Language (SL), Target Language (TL), https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368811_003, https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1961.11659756, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524605.010, https://doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4279, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00491-0, https://doi.org/10.1075/target.10.2.05ste, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55019-5, The Language of Vietnamese School Science Textbooks, Linguistics and the Human Sciences: Vol. 25, no. The greater the degree of adaptability, the shorter the time that the result of our calculations will appear. Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts 4158. And the calculation time of the whole calculation is shortened to one-third of the original algorithm. From the graph, we can see that with the increase of the number of iterations, the change of the group mean is decreasing with the increase of the number of iterations. Copyright 2020 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This is a great advantage of our optimized genetic algorithm. Hoang, V. V. (2005) Nghin cuu dich thuat (Translation Studies). Sydney: National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research. (2004). Halliday, M. A. K. (1981) Halliday: System and Function in Language. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368811_003 (2001). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/lhs.19981. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. 521565, 2017. (1984). Then it presents the SFL perspective on TE, focusing in particular on the current SFL perspective on TE as expounded by Halliday (2001, 2017) and Matthiessen (2001). Italian American Gangsterspeak. (2004) Translation: An Advanced Resource Book. sp1, p. 87, 2020. In addition, the minimum fitness of 0 to 80 computational individuals has also been tested. This book reports a study applying functional approaches in the analysis and assessment of translating an informative text, with specific reference to translations between English and Luhya. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. In A. Deeby, D. Ensinger and M. Presas (eds.) 64, pp. "Literary functional equivalence" translation (LiFE for short) is a practical extension or development of de Waard and Nida's "functional equivalence" methodology (1986).1 This approach is. Kent: Kent State University Press. Functional Equivalence: A Case Study in the Translation Process of Enhancements, This article explores the translation process of the enhancements excerpted from the recorded authentic traditional cultural ceremony wedding speeches in. Traditionally, translations are always judged by the comparison between the original text and the translated text. Manchester: St. Jerome. In P. Cole and J. L. Morgan (eds.) If the population number is and the fitness of the individual is , then the probability of the individual selection is . Hatim, B. and Munday, J. London and New York: Routledge. The five groups of experiments were calculated and shaped five times and then averaged. Different translation methodologies need to be used appropriately, bearing in mind that a certain harmonisation process has started to develop between the two legal systems, based essentially on a set of common European principles and values, under the influence of European law and the European Convention of Human Rights. It focuses on how to maintain the Source Language function in the translation where several varieties of the same macro-Language are involved and on how to assess the relevance and applicability of the individual translation and translator as measured by data from an informative text. 2011. Nidaputs receptors in a very important place when judging a version. Thompson, G. (2014) Introducing Functional Grammar, 3rd edition. The study of this English translation model will further improve the progress and promotion of existing translation technology. 42894310, 2017. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. The minimum degree of fitness is related to the number of iterations we calculate. London: Edward Arnold. We work hard to protect your security and privacy. Lastly, "equivalence" is the core of Hallidayan translation study, which evolved from initial lexicogrammatical equivalence to the stratified functional equivalence. London: Oxford University Press. Optimization genetic algorithm and the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional genetic algorithm, a comparison table. (1997) The Translator as Communicator. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The changes are shown in Figure 6. Hoang, V. V. (1994) A Functional Perspective on Translating ELT Texts from English into Vietnamese. It guides us to the true nature and methods of translation. Halle: Niemeyer. This can help us communicate better with each other and learn from the advanced Western experience in China. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112414804. London and New York: Longman. This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to: You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited. The genetic operator, which carries our computational content, is one of the key parts of our entire computational process [29, 30]. 9, no. Reiss, K. (1989) Text types, translation types and translation assessment. Then, the traditional computational process of a genetic algorithm will be studied by us [20]. LINCOLN, Yvonna S. & Guba, Egon G. (1985). Halliday, M. A. K. (1966b) Linguistics and machine translation (1960). The minimum degree of fitness is related to the number of iterations we calculate. You may receive a partial or no refund on used, damaged or materially different returns. Linguistics and the Human Sciences 15(1): 5296. The coding process of chromosomes requires strict attention. New Horizons in Linguistics 14065. 14 No. Baker, M. (1992) In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. This can help us communicate better with each other and learn from the advanced Western experience in China. With the increasing development of our country and the world, the importance of English as an international language is self-evident. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112316009 85, pp. We also need to build a computer computing model, because we know that genetic algorithms are computed by computer models. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203783771. Using Functional Grammar: An Explorers Guide, 2. Hoang, V. V. (2012) An Experiential Grammar of the Vietnamese Clause. With the increasing development of our country and the world, the importance of English as an international language is self-evident. NEUBERT, A. 11241141, 2018. Copyright 2012 -- Science Publishing Group All rights reserved. In China, in the 90s, the study of a genetic algorithm was introduced [14, 15]. Halliday, M. A. K. (2001) Towards a theory of good translation. Dictionary of Translation Studies. The binary number that represents the parameter is threaded to form a long binary string, which is the object of the genetic algorithm [33]. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations. And then there is the genetic design. In McIntosh, A. and M. A. K. Halliday, Patterns of Language: Papers in General, Descriptive and Applied Linguistics 13450. Mathematical model of genetic algorithms. Through continuous research, domestic scholars have developed several genetic algorithms suitable for our domestic use of the calculation version. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.59 London and New York: Routledge. 23, pp. Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (1995) Lexicogrammatical Cartography: English Systems. (1991). First, genetic codes and new populations are established. Book. (1997). 17921799, 2017. 11, pp. 1, The The Language of Vietnamese School Scinece Textbooks, Linguistics and the Human Sciences: ADVANCE ACCESS TO FORTHCOMING ARTICLES. Communication and the Teacher 10120. The calculation formula of the individual total probability is as follows: In the above calculation process, not only the traditional genetic algorithm of the computational process has been completed but also the genetic algorithm has been reasonably optimized. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the main difficulties encountered by legal translators working from French to English and provide practical solutions. Halliday, M. A. K. (1978) Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. 128-130. 621, pp. Williams, T. (1985) The functions of language. The Translation Studies Reader 11318. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. It is an extravagant (Halliday and Martin, 2005: 26), comprehensive, coherent, and multidimensional model of language which can open huge potential for researchers and translators to use it as a theoretical framework for TE studies and translation practice. Repurposed molecules for antiepileptogenesis: missing an opportunity to prevent epilepsy? Ten Papers on Translation 114. Genetic algorithm is unanimously praised for its unique information processing mode. Then, we began to design the experimental process, the test process. The decision variable determines whether the genetic operator in our calculations can be inherited. : The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (pp. Exploring Translation and Multilingual Text Production: Beyond Content 22946. 1, pp. For the establishment of a computer computing model, we should mainly pay attention to the chromosome encoding and decoding process. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4279, Hoang, V. V. (2021) Systemic functional linguistics in translation: The case of translating M. A. K. Hallidays An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Second Edition, from English into Vietnamese. Functional Equivalence and Its Role in Legal Translation Marcela Shiflett 2012 Legal translation is a challenging and complex process. Some Translation Practices in the Asante Twi Bible. Saussure, F. de (1983) Course in General Linguistics (Trans: Harris, R.). Login to access subscriber-only resources. Today, the communication between the state and the state is becoming more and closer. 247249, 2018. Through our genetic algorithm optimization, it is more suitable for the calculation of the use of this article. New York: SAGE Publication. Besides the obvious linguistic side of legal translation, legal translators are faced with challenges, such as cultural and social norms and traditions within legal systems of the country where the text originated, as well as the country for which the translation is prepared. M. Giassi and M. Goteman, Layout design of wave energy parks by a genetic algorithm, Ocean Engineering, vol. Functional Equivalence, Enhancement, Translation Process, Functional Grammar Theories, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Nida puts receptors in a very important place when judging a version. Please try again. In R. Hasan, C. M. I. M. Matthiessen, and J. J. Webster (eds.) D. V. Ren and H. Fred, English translation of the Dutch blood transfusion guideline 2011, Clinical Chemistry, vol. The Functional Equivalence Theory put forward by Eugene Nida, an American translation theorist, notes that translation is a process of using the closest and most natural equivalent in the target language to reproduce the information of the source language. For example, if the variation range of the parameter is , it is represented by a binary of bit: At this point, the parameter range should cover all the optimization space. Show abstract. McIntosh, A. and Halliday, M. A. K. (1966) Patterns of Language: Papers in General, Descriptive, and Applied Linguistics. Ubersetzen und Frendsprachenunterricht 120. Le, H. T. (2010) Tuong duong dich thuat v tuong duong Anh-Viet (Translation equivalence and equivalence in English-Vietnamese translation). Our results are output in the form of an individual, so the image is a single point, not a curve. From one hand, the textual equivalence is 'any TL text or portion of . His most notable contribution to translation theory is Dynamic Equivalence, also known as Functional . (2000). Abstract As a translation theory, Nida's functional equivalence theory plays an important role in translation study. Equivalence only works when you have a deep understanding of what the source content is trying to convey. Catford, J. C. (1967) Translation and language teaching. Song, English speech recognition based on deep learning with multiple features, Computing, vol. Leiden: Brill. Newmark, P. (1998b) A Textbook of Translation. But for the common problems, the traditional algorithm can be solved completely. The smallest unit of operation, such as crossover mutation, is the genetic operator, which is also the smallest unit of calculation in our calculations. In A. Chesterman (ed.) https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.11 This may mean that a participle is translated as an indicative verb, or that a few Greek words are passed over (such as conjunctions) or translated with punctuation marks in order to produce proper English style. But the population mean is more and more concentrated. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. The parameters we tested are designed as shown in Table 2. Taylor, C. (1998) Language to Language. Yallop, C. (2001) The construction of equivalence. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. In the 1980s, a new notion of equivalence emerged, especially in Germany: the functional equivalence of skopos. Try again. In P. H. Fries and M. Gregory (eds.) We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Not only that, the inaccurate translation may even cause some unpleasantness and contradictions. 5667, 2018. Equinox Publishing Ltd - 415 The Workstation 15 Paternoster Row, Sheffield, S1 2BX United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)114 221-0285. Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. London: Longman. Halliday, M. A. K. (1966a) General linguistics and its application to language teaching. HASAN, R and M. A. K Halliday. Z. Liu, A study on English translation of tourism publicity in coastal cities from the perspective of cross-cultural communication, Journal of Coastal Research, vol. Halliday, M. A. K. (1991) The notion of context in language education. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.32.04neu Approaches to translation. This is an open access article distributed under the, A completely random method can be used to produce a case without any prior knowledge, For some prior knowledge, it is necessary to select samples randomly after satisfying the requirement of prior knowledge, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. J. Carson, D. Cenzer, and J. To provide background for the study, the paper first examines some widely known formal and non-systemic functional (non-SF) perspectives on TE. This new computer algorithm, which we study in the genetic system of biological organisms in nature, helps us to compute the various aspects according to the genetic laws of biology. (1991) Translation and Relevance. Edmonton, Alberta: Department of Comparative Literature, University of Alberta. Hasan, R. (2011a) A timeless journey: On the past and future of present knowledge. Answer. Your search export query has expired. Snell-Hornby, M. (1988) Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Panou, D. (2013) Equivalence in translation theories. London and Washington, D.C.: The Falmer Press. 58, pp. This is one of the key issues in our calculations [21, 22]. Please try again. 6591, 2018. 5968, 2018. Unpublished MA Thesis. We prove that for a given partial functional attributed tree transducer with monadic output, it is decidable whether or not an equivalent top-down transducer (with or without look-ahead) exists. 102, no. It is often used for scientific and technical . 5, pp. 194, no. To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203785270 35673572, 2019. London: Longman. : You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. This is a great advantage, the traditional genetic algorithm 74% to improve the accuracy of the calculation with 97%, which basically meets our testing requirements. It probes into the theoretical bases of the theory from the perspectives of Chomskyan linguistics, Information Theory and Social . London and New York: Longman. Functional Equivalence in the Translation of Informative Texts. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. According to Eugene Nida, dynamic equivalence, the term as he originally coined, is the "quality of a translation in which the message . In E. Steiner and C. Yallop (eds.) Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. London and New York: Routledge. Luong, V. H. (1990) Discursive Practices and Linguistic Meanings: The Vietnamese System of Person Reference. Translating Culture-specific Items in Tourism Brochures. The strength of a dynamic equivalent translation is that it is usually much more readable than a more literal or word-for-word translation. Cambridge, MA. , ISBN-13 If the decision variable is set incorrectly, then the calculation will not be the result we need, whether it is correct or not. https://doi.org/10.7202/002967ar By combining functional equivalence theory with genetic algorithms, the credibility of our research is also increased. N. Lazarovich and A. Levit, Edge Kempe equivalence of regular graph covers, Journal of Graph Theory, vol. Cohesion in English. In J. Lyons (ed.) E. R. Thomas, Sociophonetic trends in studies of Southern U.S. English, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. Dynamic, or functional equivalence, attempts to bring out what the passage would mean to those who originally read it or heard it. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1992: Language Communication and Social Meaning 721. However, because of social and various reasons, it is difficult for us to translate English documents accurately. 194, pp. However, the algorithm needs to be tested properly before it is put into use. , Item Weight For different problems, the computational process of a genetic algorithm has a certain difference. Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article. The adaptability must be nonnegative, in order to satisfy this condition; the basic genetic algorithm uses the following method to transform [34]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural Engineering College . There was a problem loading your book clubs. First, from the calculation of the definition of genetic algorithm calculation and calculation steps to start research, the genetic algorithm research process and calculation method are understood; then, the genetic algorithm calculation formula and calculation steps are carried out in a comprehensive understanding of the calculation [8, 9]. It is proved that our optimized algorithm can deal with many individual computations. Ha Noi: Social Sciences Publishing House. In Venuti, L (Ed.) 1, p. 3538, 2018. Ilaria Parini. Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, R. (1985) Language, Context, and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective. Furthermore, even if the legal translators are skilled linguists, and are familiar with the nuances of the two aforementioned legal systems, they will come across terms that are difficult to translate. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/z.59. Functional Equivalence: A Case Study in the Translation Process of Enhancements Research & Development Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2020, Pages: 1-18 Received: Aug. 7, 2020; Accepted: Aug. 25, 2020; Published: Sep. 10, 2020 Views 1274 Downloads 225 Authors Research on the Identification of English Translation Efficiency is shown in Figure 4. 1, pp. Readings in Translation Theories 14156. At the end of the paper, the genetic algorithm is tested and calculated. The genetic algorithm used in this paper is not a classical genetic algorithm, and the genetic algorithm based on a traditional genetic algorithm is obtained [18]. In E. Steiner and C. Yallop (eds.) Bell, R. T. (1991) Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Different languages have different forms of expression, either in pronunciation, grammar or expression habits, but they can have the same or similar functions with each other. The study of this English translation model will further improve the progress and promotion of existing translation technology. 7, no. Jakobson, R. (2004) On linguistic aspects of translation. The book starts with an overview of the specific challenges of English-Luhya translation, which shows the need for using applicable word level strategies in the translation of Mulembe FM radio newscasts. P. Klein, A. Friedman, M. Q. Hameed et al., Repurposed molecules for antiepileptogenesis: missing an opportunity to prevent epilepsy? Epilepsia, vol. Readings in Translation Theory 99103. Hoang, V. V. (2018) Bnh tri nuoc and three English versions of translation: A systemic functional comparison. It means that the shorter the number of iterations, the shorter the computation time. Then, a study of individual forms of expression can be conducted. In fact, Nida's functional equivalence theory has wide applications, among which subtitling is a typical one. To make translation understood and appreciated without misunderstanding is the final purpose of subtitling. translation equivalence is mostly based on the ideas of types and shifts in translation (Panou, 2013). B. D. Deng and N. Xue, Translation divergences in ChineseEnglish machine translation: an empirical investigation, Computational Linguistics, vol. Rotolito: Pearson Education Limited. This paper focuses on how Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) conceptualizes translation equivalence (TE) a concept which seems to resist any satisfactory treatment. 121141, 2017. 35673572, 2019. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. London and New York: Routledge. The Department of Modern Languages focuses particularly on the teaching of languages in a contemporary context, emphasising the importance of translation and interpreting skills. He is well known for his research in the application of systemic functional theory to the description of Vietnamese and to the analysis of the translation process from English into Vietnamese. The computer calculates the result in the code form so that the computation result cannot be understood by the human. Sun, and Z. Miao, A set-based genetic algorithm for interval many-objective optimization problems, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. Functional Grammar, 2. JAKOBSON, Roman. House, J. In L. Venuti (ed.) In C. Cloran, D. G. Butt, and G. Williams (eds.) Frankfurt am Main: Athenaion. Meaning and Choice in Language: Studies for Michael Halliday 183283. What's so Special about Legal Translation? 2014. 11, pp. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 26: 14150. Halliday, M. A. K. (1961) Categories of the theories of grammar. London and New York: Routledge. London and New York: Bloomsbury. For the establishment of the mathematical model, it is mainly to study the target illusion and the calculation of various formulas. Hasan, R. (2011b) Language and society in a systemic functional perspective. It emphasizes the equivalence of information content and form, and prose translation aims to convey information and reproduce the style of . New York, NY: Academic Press. The individual fitness is determined by the genetic operator, which is carried on the chromosome so that an individual is depicted step-by-step [32]. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. 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Copyright 2021 Yuan Liu and Liangfeng Dong. : This Journal article was published in the Lapland Law Review, Issue 1, 2011, free electronic access. Then, based on what we have studied above, the mathematical model can be built. (1976) A Dictionary for the Analysis of Literary Translation. 16581709, 2018. London: Prentice Hall. I. Mitxelena and M. Piris, Analytic gradients for spin multiplets in natural orbital functional theory, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. This article also aims to explore the notion of the lawyers ethical responsibility to go beyond the letter of the law and to comply with the spirit or purpose of the law. The ACM Digital Library is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. (1989) Translation, interpreting and text linguistics. Wilss, W. (1982b) Translation equivalence. 1, pp. A1324A1333, 2018. 6, article 060702, 2018. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Gutt, E. A. Functional-equivalence translation is receptor-oriented and pays great attention to target receptors response. Wilss, W. (1982a) The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods. BELL, R. T. (1991). Functional equivalence attempts to convey the meaning of the original text, even if it requires a bit of rewording in the target language. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00491-0, Martin, J. R. (1992) English Text: System and Structure. D. W. Gong, J. Hoang Van Van is currently professor in linguistics at VNU University of Languages and International Studies. Formal equivalence. Due to lack of linguistic community, there are no wide works accomplished in Sanskrit translation while it is English and Urdu, both languages, belong to different language families and follow different grammatical structure. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137025487_13 https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004495746 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.11, Malmkjr, K. (2005) Linguistics and the Language of Translation. Translation of Hungarian Economic Lexicons With Specific Regard to Neologisms. Butt, D., Fahey, R., Feez, S., Spinks, S., and Yallop, C. (2000) Using Functional Grammar: An Explorers Guide, 2nd edition. So, the reasonable decoding process needs to be developed according to the coding process, and the calculation result of the whole algorithm can be exported [28]. Based on the research of functional equivalence theory and the calculation of the genetic algorithm, the vocabulary and translation of business English letters will be better improved. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. It guides us to the true nature and methods of translation. In the twenty-first century, equivalence has diverged into multi-dimensional equivalence which covers stratification, ranks, meta-functions, instantiation, delicacy, and axis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/target.10.2.05ste. 2, pp. Heidelberg-Weisbaden: Quell und Meyer. By combining functional equivalence theory with genetic algorithms, the credibility of our research is also increased. The range of changes for each parameter is determined and is represented by a binary number. Halliday, M. A. K. and Hasan, R. (1976) Cohesion in English. (1)A completely random method can be used to produce a case without any prior knowledge(2)For some prior knowledge, it is necessary to select samples randomly after satisfying the requirement of prior knowledge. 32, no. 147, no. Based on the research of functional equivalence theory and the calculation of a genetic algorithm, the vocabulary and translation of business English letters will be better improved. In this paper, the calculation of a genetic algorithm is based on the domestic research of a genetic algorithm for purposeful optimization [16, 17]. SHUTTLEWORTH, M. R. M. Cowie. House, J. The Translation Studies Reader, 2. Biological heredity in nature is based on the rules of survival of the fittest. 11101139, 2020. Functional equivalent translations argue that the purpose of translation is to convey the meaning of the original text into the target language. 93, pp. Halsted Press. : The M.I.T. 61, pp. Show abstract. In A. Chesterman (ed.) S. E. Detiger, A. F. Karim, R. M. Verdijk, P. M. V. Hagen, and D. Paridaens, The treatment outcomes in IgG4-related orbital disease: a systematic review of the literature, Acta Ophthalmologica, vol. London and New York: Routledge. Functional approaches can help us to evaluate whether equivalent features are or are not present in the translations of an informative text. In addition, we need to match the decoding process. The Hague: Mouton. Based on the research of functional equivalence theory and the calculation of a genetic algorithm, the vocabulary and translation of business English letters will be better improved. Functional Equivalence, Translation, Poems. GNV: Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen. 2, pp 13-22. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, The Ashgate handbook of legal translation, International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, Translation and Meaning, Part 7. H. Aziza and S. Krichen, Bi-objective decision support system for task-scheduling based on genetic algorithm in cloud computing, Computing, vol. Carroll, J. As a translation theory, Nidas functional equivalence theory plays an important role in translation study. J. H. Jensen, A graph-based genetic algorithm and generative model/Monte Carlo tree search for the exploration of chemical space, Chemical Science, vol. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. 5, no. Z. Yan Kai, F. Sze Ming, J. Nyan Ping, C. Po Yu, and L. Albert, Experimentally-implemented genetic algorithm (Exp-GA): toward fully optimal photovoltaics, Optics Express, vol. Qualitative Data Analysis. 35, pp. Hoang, V. V. (2022). All the data are authentic and reliable, and the sources are available from official sources. Ways of Saying: Ways of Meaning. The mathematical model of the genetic algorithm is analysed in Figure 3. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Domestic research plays a pivotal role in the world. In the computational research above, the computational procedure of the genetic algorithm and the calculation formula and the computer model are completed. Heredity is a kind of new computer algorithm that American scholar simplifies simulation according to the genetic system of biological in nature [11, 12]. Computer Science. C. Candlin (ed.) Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter. CATFORD, J. C. (1965). In Skase Journal of Translation and Interpretation, 2011, vol. We offer world-class services, fast turnaround times and personalised communication. 33893394, 2019. However, there are problems with any dynamic equivalent translation. These procedures are: borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Formal equivalence approach tends to emphasize fidelity to the lexical details and grammatical structure of the original language, whereas dynamic equivalence tends to employ a more natural rendering but with less literal accuracy.. Selected Work of Ruqaiya Hasan on Applied Linguistics 13277. In T. Odlin (ed.) Neubert, A. JERKUS, Erika. It is hoped that this convergence process will efface some of the more pronounced differences in legal understanding between France and the UK, and thus facilitate, in the long term, legal translations. D. G. Mandelbaum (ed.). In Mona Baker (Ed.). A Legal-Theoretical Perspective, AWEJ- Major Translation Methods Used in Legal Documents EL GHAZI, The translation of legal English into Spanish (Universidad de Oviedo, 2001), Legal Translation and Translation Theory: a Receiver-oriented Approach, Problems of Translating Legal Discourse with Special Reference to the United Nations Documents. In J. J. Webster (ed.) Please download or close your previous search result export first before starting a new bulk export. This paper is the result of a pilot study on the teaching of certain aspects of specialised translation to final year undergraduate students in the degree course in Modern Languages and to graduate students in the master's course in Interpreting and Translation at the University of Bradford, England. Through our test of the algorithm, we find that the average computational accuracy of our optimized genetic algorithm can be higher than that of the traditional genetic algorithm 23%. In such instances, the translators must employ one of a slew of translation techniques, including the search for terms of functional equivalence. London: Longmans. 359386, 2020. Halliday, M. A. K. and Martin, J. R. (2005) Writing Science: Literacy and Discursive Power. How do we know when a translation is good? The book starts with an overview of the specific challenges of English-Luhya translation, which shows the need for using applicable word level strategies in the translation of Mulembe FM radio newscasts. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. Research on the Identification of English Translation Efficiency. Press. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1155/2021/6672773. Therefore, the theory of functional equivalence was studied and combined with a genetic algorithm to help us to prove the study of translation. By using the theory of functional equivalence and the mutual application of genetic algorithms, this can help us to carry out empirical research on business English letter vocabulary and translation . Halliday, M. A. K. (1985b) Spoken and Written Language. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies 34(4): 135. Moscow. And through our optimization, the problem of iterative times of the genetic algorithm is reduced greatly, and the problem of local minima is eliminated. Jger, G. (1975) Translation und Translationlinguistik. We dont share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. In addition, the change of mean size as the number of iterations increases is also studied. He has published 14 books and over 90 journal articles and book chapters in English and Vietnamese on functional linguistics, EFL curriculum design and textbook development, translation studies, and contrastive discourse analysis. 2, pp 32-40. Functional equivalence, sometimes called dynamic equivalence or meaning based translation, is a translation method in which the translator attempts to reflect the thought of the writer in the source language rather than the words and forms. Steiner, E. (2015) Hallidays contribution to a theory of translation. (2015) Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present. In A. Neubert (ed.) The Bloomsbury Companion to M. A. K. Halliday 412426. 5, article 055501, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.38 In E. Steiner and C. Yallop (eds.) Copyright 2021 Yuan Liu and Liangfeng Dong. In Skase Journal of Translation and Interpretation, 2011, vol. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203327579. https://doi.org/10.1558/lhs.4115 (1997) Translation Quality Assessment: A Model Revisited. Leipzig: Enzyclopdie. It can be found that the computational accuracy of the optimized genetic algorithm can be higher than that of the traditional genetic algorithm by 23%. 12, pp. 77-80). Selected Papers of Ruqaiya Hasan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1961.11659756. Given the breadth of legal translation, this article aims to describe and analyze the legal translation operations; while attempting to determine the significance of the field to professional legal translators. Journal of Hubei University of Economics: Humanities and Social Sciences Edition, vol. Ha Noi: Vietnam Education Publishing House. Lev, F. (1969) Die Literarische bersetzung. Roganova, Z. E. (1971) Perevod s Russkovo Jazyka na Nemeckij. Chomsky, N. (1957) Syntactic Structures. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203783771 It doesn't simply cover the meaning of the content but the tone and style of the delivery. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Meta, 25(4): 45566. In N. B. Richards (ed.) Our computational process has not really been completed after the mathematical model has been established [25, 26]. In this paper, the calculation of a genetic algorithm is studied [6, 7]. 1266-1267, 2020. Translation of this genre weighs a lot in translation study. AbstractThe "functional equivalence" advanced by the famous American translation theorist, Eugene Nida has been widely used by various translators and has had a profound impact on China's translation field. literal translation and the latter to free translation (p. 84). For information regarding our Open Access policy, click here. Kings Parkinsons disease pain scale: intercultural adaptation in the German language, Validation study for the Korean version of fear of cancer recurrence inventory, A graph-based genetic algorithm and generative model/Monte Carlo tree search for the exploration of chemical space, A simple scaling law for the equation of state and the radial distribution functions calculated by density-functional theory molecular dynamics, Omics approaches for subcellular translation studies, Flood susceptibility assessment in Hengfeng area coupling adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with genetic algorithm and differential evolution, Preventing and reducing coercion in mental health services: an international scoping review of Englishlanguage studies, A set-based genetic algorithm for interval many-objective optimization problems, Layout design of wave energy parks by a genetic algorithm, On the proper domain of psychological predicates, Density-functional fluctuation theory of crowds, Differences in diet and foraging behaviour of commercially important rabbitfish species on coral reefs in the Indian Ocean, Optimal static and self-adjusting parameter choices for the ( 1 + (, Development of machine translation technology for assisting health communication: a systematic review, The treatment outcomes in IgG4-related orbital disease: a systematic review of the literature, Translation divergences in ChineseEnglish machine translation: an empirical investigation, Dangers of machine translation: the need for professionally translated anticipatory guidance resources for limited English proficiency caregivers, Bayesian network hybrid learning using an elite-guided genetic algorithm, Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory for iron porphyrin with CAS, RAS, and DMRG active spaces, Effective categoricity of automatic equivalence and nested equivalence structures, Bi-objective decision support system for task-scheduling based on genetic algorithm in cloud computing, Research on English Translation Based on Functional Equivalence Theory and Genetic Algorithm, All Holdings within the ACM Digital Library. ABSTRACT Following a review of the concept of 'functional equivalent' from the perspective of comparative law and of translation studies, the paper discusses the need to use functional equivalents in the translation of business entity types. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Munday, J. He received his doctorate in linguistics from Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. 97, no. Singapore: Longman Cheshire. Tokyo: International Language Sciences Publishers. P. Das, A. Kuznetsova, M. O. Zhu, and R. Milanaik, Dangers of machine translation: the need for professionally translated anticipatory guidance resources for limited English proficiency caregivers, Clinical Pediatrics, vol. Legal translators face numerous factors that influence their ability to translate certain terms. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.1.1-6. Nida's "functional equivalence" theory is the earliest translation theory introduced into China, which has a significant and far-reaching impact on China's translation practice in the past 40 years. 663682, 2020. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 2, pp. Neubert, A. Nida, E. A. and Taber, C. (1982) The Theory and Practice of Translation. This notion postulates that translation should produce an 'equivalent message' to that of the ST in its TT. Hjelmslev, L. (1961) Prolegomena to a Theory of Language (Trans: F. J. Whitfield). 100, no. London: Oxford University Press. Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. https://doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4279 There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. 2020. Halliday, M. A. K. (2017) The gloosy ganoderm: Systemic functional linguistics and translation.
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