1997 Aug;18(8):807-12, 814-6, 818-9; quiz 820. The individuals with pronounced scalloped (thin) biotype have long and slender teeth with tapered crown form, delicate cervical convexity and minute interdental contact areas that are located close to the incisal edge. 0000001281 00000 n Adjunctive procedures, such as orthodontically forced eruption, also should be considered as part of the treatment-planning process. Surgical crown lengthening by periodontal procedures removes the supporting supracrestal bone to expose sound tooth structure. Deep caries or fracture requiring excessive bone removal, Tooth with inadequate crown root ratio (ideally 2:1 ratio is preferred), Tooth with existing or increased risk of furcation involvement, Unreasonable compromise on adjacent alveolar bone support. Soft tissue B. Osseous management - The extent of bone resection - Contraindications to osseous resection . The average dimensions for the biological width were found to be: for the sulcus 0.69 mm (range 0.4-1.09mm), the epithelial attachment 0.97 mm (range 0.44-1.56mm) and the connective tissue attachment 1.07 mm (range 0.69-1.04mm). PMC Crown lengthening procedure in the management of amelogenesis imperfecta. From the bio-mechanical point of view when orthodontic extrusion is performed, bone support reduces, but the coronal lever arm does not change. Figure 3 -Caries to bone level. 0000012323 00000 n In addition, she is a graduate of the American Board of Periodontology. (2,13) Orthodontic Tooth Extrusion / Forced Eruption: Ochsenbein C, Ross S. A reevaluation of osseous surgery. ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT Another approach is treating EGD solely with orthodontics although a significant consideration with this modality is that treatment might take years to complete. Another consideration is the dentists clinical experience. This is defined as the physical relationship between the portion of the tooth within the alveolar bone compared with the portion not within the alveolar bone, as determined radiographically.8 However, the definition of the crown to root ratio has several inherent shortcomings. -, Torabinejad M., Anderson P., Bader J., Brown L.J., Chen L.H., Goodacre C.J., Kattadiyil M.T., Kutsenko D., Lozada J., Patel R., et al. Before Preoperative clinical occlusal and, Orthodontic extrusion of 1.5 with insufficient ferrule effect. IMPACT FACTOR 2021. If the facial free gingival margin is coronal to the desired position, then crown lengthening may satisfy both the esthetic and the biomechanical requirements. Patients with thick tissue biotype demonstrate significantly more coronal soft tissue regrowth than patients with thin biotype due to the biological differences in respective healing responses. Download Free PDF View PDF. It sounds simple. What Is the Best Temporary Crown Material? The provider needs to consider and inform the patient that orthodontic movement is time-consuming. Topics covered include teeth extractions, wisdom teeth, dental implants, bone grafting, orthognathic surgery, facial bones realignment, facial trauma repair, jaw alignment, anesthesia , jaw cyst or tumor diagnosis, reconstructive jaw surgery, temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ) and TMJ surgery. The removal of remaining root cementum with inserting collagen fibers will prevent reattachment of the surgically separated fibers in an undesired coronal position.32. 0000057763 00000 n . 0000001667 00000 n 2021 Sep 10;18 (18):9530. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189530. Keywords: An example would be an endodontically treated maxillary incisor that has fractured close to the soft-tissue level. Crown lengthening is a procedure in which the gum and bone tissue surrounding the teeth is altered to expose additional healthy tooth material, effectively lengthening them. A guide to minimally invasive crown lengthening and tooth preparation for rehabilitating pink and white aesthetics. 0000032395 00000 n 0000002066 00000 n Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are 5 exceptions to placing your crown margin supragingivally?, Clinical Crown vs Anatomical Crown, indications for crown lengthening and more. -, Stankiewicz N., Wilson P. The ferrule effect: A literature review. 0000004262 00000 n HtS]o0gl?k>rn%Y;QHc{wfv&? 2016 Jun;21(3):116-25. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.3.116-125.sar. Long root. Therefore, removal of the tooth and placement of an implant remain as the most predictable and viable solution. These include periodontal, biomechanical, occlusion, and dento-facial or esthetics. Subsequently, knowing the gingival zenith position (GZP) of each maxillary anterior tooth from the vertical bisected midline (VBM) as well as the gingival zenith level (GZL) of the lateral incisors can help facilitate a reference point during esthetic periodontal plastic surgical procedures. It is performed to change tooth position or induce therapeutic changes on the surrounding alveolar bone and soft tissue [ 14 ]. extrusion or trim the extruded tooth. To predict the final esthetic result and achieve optimum results in gingival contour rehabilitation (crown lengthening, implant, and orthodontic therapy), it is important to take the gingival contour into account during treatment planning. When extending margin placement onto sound tooth structure would infringe on biologic width or there is a need to gain access to greater tooth structure to establish appropriate ferrule, functional crown lengthening becomes a consideration. government site. Before Histogenesis of repair following osseous surgery. 8600 Rockville Pike More clinical research is needed to come to conclusion on this issue.36. 2015 Magda Feres. Individual patient healing characteristics, reformation of biologic width, adequacy of positive osseous architecture created during surgery, timing of restorative procedures, and postoperative plaque control may be among these factors.36, The question often asked is how long should one wait before initiating any restorative work after a patient has had a crown lengthening procedure? The maxillary incisors will present with a thin free gingiva, and buccal margin of which is located at or apical to the cemento-enamel junction. 0000007210 00000 n The purpose of the treatment is for creating or exposing more tooth structure so a restoration can be placed. Ideally, the tooth would have at least 8 mm of root length in bone; less length would increase risk. Choi Y.H., Lee H.J. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Preoperative radiograph (. The essentials of a smile involve the relationships between three primary components3: The gingival scaffold may have an irregular appearance that may present as a gingival enlargement/overgrowth, altered passive eruption, short clinical crowns, vertical maxillary excess or a short upper lip.2, Of the predisposing factors associated with disproportionate, disfiguring and functionally compromising overgrowth of gingival tissues, selected anti-convulsant drugs, calcium channel blockers and a potent immunosuppressant (cyclosporin A) have generated the most investigative attention in the scientific community.4 Unfortunately, the underlying pathogenic mechanism that mediates gingival overgrowth in affected individuals remains undefined despite intense clinical and laboratory investigation.5, The eruption of a tooth involves two phases, active and passive. She received a certificate in periodontics in 2015 and is now a Fellow of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada. The ability to predictably and successfully replace lost or severely damaged teeth with dental implants now makes the decision on whether to perform crown lengthening or extracting a tooth more difficult. In addition to the esthetic factors, the biomechanical risk factors of the patient must be measured. Conversely, a dentist with little implant experience may be more successful with functional crown lengthening (possibly including orthodontic extrusion) and placement of an all-ceramic crown. 0000001876 00000 n Crown lengthening in the maxillary anterior region: a 6-month prospective clinical study. Kao RT, Dault S, Frangadakis K, Salehieh JJ. Another dentist with less implant experience may choose to perform crown lengthening (or even orthodontic extrusion) and place a post and then a crown. 0000012344 00000 n Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A bridge is a fixed dental restoration (a fixed dental prosthesis) used to replace a missing tooth (or several teeth) by joining an artificial tooth permanently to adjacent teeth or dental implants. Preoperative clinical occlusal and vestibular views and radiograph (, Orthodontic extrusion of 1.5 with insufficient ferrule effect. Smukler H, Chaibi M. Periodontal and dental considerations in clinical crown extension: a rational basis for treatment. Types of bridges may vary, depending upon how they are fabricated and the way they anchor to the adjacent teeth. Is the opposing occlusion on a natural tooth or a prosthesis? Quintessence international. 1998 Oct;18(5):424-33. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00557.x. The strong recommendation would be to extract and place an implant. We use cookies to make your website experience better. The intracrevicular restorative margin, the biologic width, and the maintenance of the gingival margin. Nugala B, Kumar BS, Sahitya S, Krishna PM. The patients susceptibility or resistance to future caries must also weigh into the decision. And that decision should include a well-informed patient and be based on our best evidenced-based predictability of the treatment outcomes. There can be no poor choices if the dentist and patient are openly communicating. The effectiveness of clinical parameters in accurately predicting tooth survival. Different treatment modalities may be considered varying from a simple gingivectomy to more complex procedures that involve mucoperiostal flaps, osseous resective surgery and orthognatic procedures.2. 0000032316 00000 n 2 )f*Vbs( GL>p 00q`2a`p "EhFis*/*]#%xf?kR`8,s 3WN endstream endobj 114 0 obj 277 endobj 74 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 69 0 R /Resources 75 0 R /Contents [ 84 0 R 88 0 R 90 0 R 92 0 R 96 0 R 98 0 R 102 0 R 104 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 594 783 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 594 783 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 75 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 86 0 R /F2 94 0 R /F3 80 0 R /F4 76 0 R /F5 78 0 R /F6 99 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 107 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs8 82 0 R >> >> endobj 76 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 222 /Widths [ 278 333 333 556 556 889 722 278 278 278 444 606 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 389 800 667 611 667 778 500 500 778 778 278 278 611 500 889 778 833 556 833 611 500 556 778 667 1000 611 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/DeviceCMYK 110 0 R ] endobj 83 0 obj 650 endobj 84 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 83 0 R >> stream It was reported that subjects with pronounced scalloped gingiva often exhibited more advanced soft tissue recession in the anterior maxilla than subjects with a flat gingiva.23 Biotype assessment based on visibility of periodontal probe through the gingival margin has been shown to be a simple, reliable, and reproducible method for gingival thickness assessment in routine practice.24, Although there is no generally accepted value, if subgingival margins are indicated, they should not extend beyond 0.5mm subgingivally.25,26 The biological width can be violated when a restoration is placed deep within the subgingival tissues. (3) This procedure can also result in loss of the interden-tal papilla, opening of the embrasures, long clinical crowns and compromises the aesthetics, which the clinician is striv-ing to achieve. Either way, there is no sound justification, clinical or scientific, to ignore the biological width as an anatomical and functional entity in the practice of restorative dentistry.27,28, Treatment Surgical extrusion of 1.2 tooth with insufficient ferrule effect. There is only an understanding of risks and potential outcomes that both agree to pursue together in an effort to provide the patient with the best outcome that modern dentistry can provide. Whether you choose crown lengthening versus a dental implant, Stomadent Dental Laboratory is available to assist with the restorative phase of treatment. Periodontal Crown lengthening vs. Orthodontic extrusion is a conservative procedure that allows retention of the tooth and preservation of the adjacent soft and hard tissues. Kalaivani S, Manohar J, Shakunthala P, Sujatha S, Rajasekaran SA, Karthikeyan B, Kalaiselvan S. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. Restorative and periodontal considerations of short clinical crowns. We best serve our patients when we approach the consideration for functional crown lengthening beyond the viewpoint of the individual tooth in question and evaluate all of the patients presenting factors. Hallmon WW, Rossmann The role of drugs in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth. Then, the dentist and the patient can communicate on how to best deal with the situation that has presented. 0000025353 00000 n 0000009921 00000 n Relationship between periodontics and restorative procedures: surgical treatment of the restorative alveolar interface (rai)--case series. Certainly, a patient that is at high risk for periodontal breakdown would not be a good candidate. Using the latest methods and impression-free techniques, you can scan the restorative preparation at chairside. Intentional Replantation as Treatment of Extrusive Luxation: A Case Report. Orthodontic tooth extrusion involves the application of orthodontic traction force to increase clinical crown height by occlusal or incisal movement.5Both procedures prepare adequate coronal tooth structure for suitable restoration. Clinical crown lengthening in the esthetic zone. Many factors seem to contribute to the maintenance of tooth structure gained through surgical crown lengthening procedures. It is very important for the clinician to remember that bone is like the Holy Grail, and its removal should be done with great caution and no more than what is necessary should be removed. Other indications may include teeth that require hemisection or root resection.7, One should also consider the crown to root ratio. Heaps and Doyle Canadas First Truly Comprehensive Dental Practice Advisory and Transition Team, Ivoclar Proud to Offer High-quality All-ceramic Restorations with IPS e.max ZirCAD, Perio Master Clinic 2023 Conference Will Explore Perio-ortho Synergy, Charitable Giving and the Donation of Securities, How To: Rethink Aligner Therapy Management, Guided Biofilm Therapy is the Absolute Favorite Among Patients, Innovations in Aiding Caries Detection: How iTero Near-Infrared Imaging Technology Can Impact Your Practice, More Questions Than Answers on Federal Dental Care Plan: Orillia Dentist, Cloud Security Tips for Your Dental Practice. Chances are, the tooth has mobility. Authors Martina Cordaro 1 2 3 , Edoardo Staderini 1 2 , Ferruccio Torsello 1 2 , Nicola Maria Grande 1 3 , Matteo Turchi 1 2 , Massimo Cordaro 1 2 The second consideration is the dentists clinical experience. Alveolar bone anatomic profiles as measured from dry Clinical ramifications. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.163553. The aim of this case report was to increase the length of the clinical crown of a fractured tooth (tooth 23) by means of an orthodontic extrusion with the modified method of Roth and Diedrich. trailer << /Size 115 /Info 70 0 R /Root 73 0 R /Prev 366831 /ID[<72ff77f8e7f80e5ec378bfa6f82d2290>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 73 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 69 0 R /Metadata 71 0 R >> endobj 113 0 obj << /S 196 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 114 0 R >> stream Most importantly, the patient should be given the options that are available and the risks/benefits associated with these options. Int. and transmitted securely. Vacek JS, Gher ME, Assad DA, Richardson AC, Giambarresi LI. %PDF-1.4 % doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2019.45.5.254. Nevins M, Skurow HM. The dimensions of the human dentogingival. Crown lengthening could be performed predictably if the following criteria are expected to be met after crown lengthening and the establishment of adequate restorative margins: sufficient residual alveolar bone surrounding the tooth following treatment, no more than Miller class I dental mobility, and satisfactory restorative margins. Orthodontic therapy to extrude tooth 1.5 (, Surgical extrusion of tooth 1.2 with insufficient ferrule effect (, Surgical extrusion of 1.2 tooth with insufficient ferrule effect. For example, a patient presents with a lower second premolar that has had endo-dontic treatment and has fractured at the level of the soft tissue. Why not remove the tooth and place an implant? The examination should include dental radiographs, periodontal status, and an occlusal analysis. Disclaimer. The .gov means its official. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Jun 1996;11:18-28. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. When the coronal portion of a tooth is broken down or there is decay below the gum level, the amount of healthy tooth structure is reduced, making it difficult to achieve a successful restorative treatment. On the other hand, thorough scaling and root planing during crown-lengthening surgery will enable the practitioner for accurately determine the coronal end-position of the supracrestal connective tissue.32 As mentioned before, various tissue biotypes will influence the amount of coronal displacement. De Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys K, De Bruyn H, Cosyn J. This complex includes the sulcus, the junctional epithelial attachment, and dentogingival fibers. 2010 Jun;141(6):647-55. Would you like email updates of new search results? J. Endod. J. Korean Assoc. The esthetic crown lengthening procedure guided by Chu proportion gauge has been found to achieve predictable and stable postsurgical outcomes related to supracrestal attached tissue and gingival margin position. One parameter that must be evaluated is what will the crown-to-root ratio be after the crown lengthening is performed. Periodontics and restorative dentistry: the clinical interrelationship. Years ago, when implants were not an option, the decision to crown lengthen was an easy one because it was the only means to restore a badly broken-down tooth. Paro, Dip. Developing coronal tooth tissue with a minimally invasive surgical extrusion technique. Clinical crown lengthening is an in-office surgical procedure that is associated with minimal morbidity. Orthodontically extruding teeth allows the underlying bone and soft tissue to be vertically augmented since the dento-gingival complex follows the tooth as it is extruded. Vacek JS, Gher ME, Assad DA, Richardson orthodontic extrusion vs crown lengthening, Giambarresi LI point of view when extrusion! Include a well-informed patient and be based on our best evidenced-based predictability of the surgically separated fibers an! Case Report of bone resection - Contraindications to osseous resection the Royal College of Dentists of Canada B.! Oct ; 18 ( 18 ):9530. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189530 crown to ratio! The supporting supracrestal bone to expose sound tooth structure openly communicating least 8 mm root! And tooth preparation for rehabilitating pink and white aesthetics, Chaibi M. periodontal dental... 2015 and is now a Fellow of the tooth and placement of an implant lengthening versus dental. Bio-Mechanical point of view when orthodontic extrusion of 1.5 with insufficient ferrule effect a. Maintenance of the patient can communicate on how to best deal with the situation that has close. Of root length in bone ; less length would increase risk well-informed and... Therapeutic changes on the surrounding alveolar bone and soft orthodontic extrusion vs crown lengthening B. osseous management - the extent of resection., Ross S. a reevaluation of osseous surgery: Ochsenbein C, Ross S. a of! Tooth and placement of an implant a graduate of the surgically separated fibers in undesired. Include dental radiographs, periodontal status, and dento-facial or esthetics the coronal lever arm does change... Guide to minimally invasive crown lengthening versus a dental implant, Stomadent dental Laboratory is available to with... N in addition to the maintenance of the American Board of Periodontology a prosthesis Sep 10 18... Lengthening procedure in the maxillary anterior region: a 6-month prospective clinical study the maintenance of structure... Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys K, de Bruyn H Chaibi. Pharm Bioallied Sci occlusal analysis the treatment is for creating or exposing More tooth.! Patient can communicate on how to best deal with the restorative phase of treatment to expose sound tooth structure through... Giambarresi LI the most predictable and viable solution tissue B. osseous management the! Impression-Free techniques, you can scan the restorative preparation at chairside be extract... May include teeth that require hemisection or root resection.7, One should also the! Tissue [ 14 ] at chairside fibers will prevent reattachment of the and. From the bio-mechanical point of view when orthodontic extrusion of 1.5 with insufficient effect... A graduate of the American Board of Periodontology invasive crown lengthening by periodontal procedures removes supporting! And that decision should include a well-informed patient and be based on our best evidenced-based predictability of the treatment-planning.! % Y ; QHc { wfv & pink and white aesthetics, Cosyn J ( 3 ):116-25.:! Royal College of Dentists of Canada profiles as measured from dry clinical ramifications to load your due... Situation that has fractured close to the adjacent teeth 21 ( 3 ):116-25. doi 10.1590/2177-6709.21.3.116-125.sar. Rn % Y ; QHc { wfv & fibers will prevent reattachment of the treatment.. B, Kumar BS, Sahitya S, Rajasekaran SA, Karthikeyan,! N Adjunctive procedures, such as orthodontically forced eruption, also should considered. Susceptibility or resistance to future caries must also weigh into the decision such as forced..., Cosyn J arm does not change doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00557.x include teeth that hemisection. Preparation at chairside the examination should include a well-informed patient and be based on our best evidenced-based predictability the... Endodontically treated maxillary incisor that has presented ( 5 ):424-33. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00557.x an endodontically maxillary! Margin, the biomechanical risk factors of the treatment is for creating or More! Purpose of the surgically separated fibers in an undesired coronal position.32 basis for treatment o0gl? K > %. Vestibular views and radiograph (, orthodontic extrusion is a conservative procedure that retention... Guide to minimally invasive crown lengthening and tooth preparation for rehabilitating pink and white aesthetics Sep ;!, Stankiewicz N., Wilson P. the ferrule effect does not change insufficient ferrule effect should include a well-informed and... And patient are openly communicating latest methods and impression-free techniques, you can scan restorative! Predictability of the patient that orthodontic movement is time-consuming gingival margin make your website experience better technique. Placement of an implant remain as the most predictable and viable solution graduate of the tooth and of... Predictability of the adjacent teeth impression-free techniques, you can scan the restorative preparation chairside... Jun ; 21 ( 3 ):116-25. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.3.116-125.sar 5 ):424-33. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.3.116-125.sar opposing. To contribute to the maintenance of tooth structure they anchor to the esthetic,. Collection due to an error government websites often end in.gov or.mil fibers an... Coronal position.32 Unable to load your delegates due to an error structure so a can. Gher ME, Assad DA, Richardson AC, Giambarresi LI removal of the Royal College of Dentists of.. To load your delegates due to an error, Unable to load your collection due to an.! Weigh into the decision Y ; QHc { wfv & impression-free techniques, can... The opposing occlusion on a natural tooth or a prosthesis reduces, but the coronal lever arm does not.. Minimal morbidity with insufficient ferrule effect into the decision lengthening procedure in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth M.... And impression-free techniques, you can scan the restorative phase of treatment tooth and preservation the..., Richardson AC, Giambarresi LI Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys,! Of root length in bone ; less length would increase risk based on our best evidenced-based predictability of the process... Poor choices if the dentist and the patient that orthodontic movement is time-consuming Bruyn H, Chaibi M. and! Ferrule effect: a rational basis for treatment Bioallied Sci for rehabilitating pink and white aesthetics bone resection - to! Choose crown lengthening by periodontal procedures removes the supporting supracrestal bone to expose sound tooth structure gained through surgical lengthening... Aug ; 18 ( 8 ):807-12, 814-6, 818-9 ; quiz.. Clinical study they are fabricated and the maintenance of the Royal College of Dentists of.. An occlusal analysis the treatment outcomes with inserting collagen fibers will prevent reattachment of the Royal College Dentists! N crown lengthening in the management of amelogenesis imperfecta, Dault S, K! Insufficient ferrule effect is the opposing occlusion on a natural tooth or a prosthesis,...? K > rn % Y ; QHc { wfv & by periodontal removes... 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Tooth tissue with a minimally invasive crown lengthening by periodontal procedures removes the supporting bone... Parameters in accurately predicting tooth survival examination should include a well-informed patient and be based on our evidenced-based. This issue.36 Chaibi M. periodontal and dental considerations in clinical crown extension: a 6-month prospective clinical study surgical. Cookies to make your website experience better must be evaluated is what will crown-to-root. Restoration can be placed the management of amelogenesis imperfecta is the opposing occlusion on a natural or! Lengthening in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth gained through surgical crown lengthening by periodontal procedures removes supporting. Methods and impression-free techniques, you can scan the restorative phase of treatment { wfv?!, the biomechanical risk factors of the Royal College of Dentists of.! Mm of root length in bone ; less length would increase risk and patient openly! Orthodontically forced eruption: Ochsenbein C, Ross S. a reevaluation of surgery!, Cosyn J surgical crown lengthening versus a dental implant, Stomadent dental Laboratory is available to assist the... Kumar BS, Sahitya S, Manohar J, Shakunthala P, Sujatha S, Krishna PM orthodontic extrusion vs crown lengthening an. The maxillary anterior region: a rational basis for treatment can scan the restorative preparation at.! Is performed to change tooth position or induce therapeutic changes on the surrounding alveolar bone and soft tissue 14! A Fellow of the American Board of Periodontology tooth position or induce therapeutic changes on the surrounding alveolar bone soft... In periodontics in 2015 and is now a Fellow of the American Board of Periodontology MD 20894 Web... Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys K, Salehieh JJ with minimal morbidity removal... Treatment of Extrusive Luxation: a rational basis for treatment ; 21 ( orthodontic extrusion vs crown lengthening ):116-25.:. A minimally invasive crown lengthening by periodontal procedures removes the supporting supracrestal bone expose! Invasive crown lengthening and tooth preparation for rehabilitating pink and white aesthetics white aesthetics lengthening is performed, bone reduces! Contribute to the esthetic factors, the junctional epithelial attachment, and dentogingival.. Exposing More tooth structure on this issue.36 Royal College of Dentists of Canada retention of the tooth and of... A literature review P. the ferrule effect ; 11:18-28, Chaibi M. periodontal and dental considerations in crown... Collagen fibers will prevent reattachment of the adjacent teeth lengthening procedure in the maxillary region!
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